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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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MicroRNAs and autoimmunity.

Angela Ceribelli1, Minoru Satoh, Edward K L Chan

  • 1Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, United States.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|August 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of immune responses and are often altered in autoimmune diseases. Specific miRNAs, like miR-146a, show consistent changes, suggesting they could be therapeutic targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes.
  • Specific miRNAs, including miR-146a and miR-182, are recognized for their significant roles in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses, respectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  • To highlight the consistent deregulation of specific miRNAs, particularly miR-146a, in autoimmune conditions.
  • To explore the potential of miRNA-based therapeutics for autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on miRNA regulation in immunity and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of studies reporting miRNA expression levels in patients with autoimmune conditions.
  • Examination of in vivo evidence supporting the link between miRNA dysregulation and autoimmune phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are frequently deregulated in autoimmune diseases, with miR-146a exhibiting consistent alterations across various studies.
  • Aberrant expression levels of miRNAs can impact specific molecular targets and signaling pathways, contributing to the development of autoimmune disease phenotypes.
  • In vivo studies provide evidence for the functional role of miRNAs in autoimmune pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNA (miRNA) dysregulation is implicated in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases.
  • miR-146a is a particularly promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target due to its consistent alteration in autoimmune conditions.
  • Targeting miRNAs offers a potential future therapeutic strategy for managing autoimmune diseases.