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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...

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What is needed for next-generation ecological and evolutionary genomics?

Scott A Pavey1, Louis Bernatchez, Nadia Aubin-Horth

  • 1Département de Biologie & Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Université Laval, QC, Canada.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|August 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Ecological and evolutionary genomics faces challenges with unannotated genes. This study proposes a database for ecological gene annotation and functional techniques to address this gap.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Ecological and evolutionary genomics (EEG) connects gene functions to phenotypes and ecological factors.
  • Technological advancements in EEG provide molecular detail but leave many genes unannotated.
  • A significant challenge in EEG is the lack of functional annotation for a large proportion of genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the challenge of unannotated genes in ecological and evolutionary genomics.
  • To develop methods for ecological gene annotation and functional characterization.
  • To facilitate cross-referencing of gene information across studies and taxa.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a database to associate genes with organismal attributes and environmental conditions.
  • Utilizing new functional techniques to characterize genes involved in ecological response.
  • Cross-referencing data across diverse studies and taxonomic groups.

Main Results:

  • The proposed database enables ecological annotation of genes by integrating diverse data.
  • Functional techniques can characterize genes responding to specific ecological challenges.
  • These approaches enhance the understanding of genotype-phenotype-environment relationships.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed database and functional techniques offer solutions to the unannotated gene problem in EEG.
  • Ecological gene annotation and functional characterization are crucial for advancing the field.
  • This work will improve our ability to link genomic features to ecological adaptations.