Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synchrotron-Based Deep Learning Network of the Inner Ear: Development and Expert Validation.

The Laryngoscope·2026
Same author

The cochlear morphometry compendium: High-resolution synchrotron measurements and normative reference values.

Journal of anatomy·2026
Same author

Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Robot-Assisted Cochlear Implant Electrode Array Insertion.

Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale·2026
Same author

Preoperative Imaging for Cochlear Implantation: A Global Consensus.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2026
Same author

Finite Element Modeling of Cochlear Mechanics: A Systematic Review.

Annals of biomedical engineering·2025
Same author

Statistical shape modeling of the human inner ear through micro-computed tomography imaging.

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Surgical Method for Virally Mediated Gene Delivery to the Mouse Inner Ear through the Round Window Membrane
07:32

Surgical Method for Virally Mediated Gene Delivery to the Mouse Inner Ear through the Round Window Membrane

Published on: March 16, 2015

Recent advances in viral inner ear disorders.

Jason A Beyea1, Sumit K Agrawal, Lorne S Parnes

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|August 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Congenital sensorineural hearing loss (cSNHL) is clearly linked to viral infections. However, evidence for viral causes of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), Ménière

More Related Videos

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research
08:30

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

Published on: June 8, 2017

Canalostomy As a Surgical Approach to Local Drug Delivery into the Inner Ears of Adult and Neonatal Mice
09:34

Canalostomy As a Surgical Approach to Local Drug Delivery into the Inner Ears of Adult and Neonatal Mice

Published on: May 25, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Surgical Method for Virally Mediated Gene Delivery to the Mouse Inner Ear through the Round Window Membrane
07:32

Surgical Method for Virally Mediated Gene Delivery to the Mouse Inner Ear through the Round Window Membrane

Published on: March 16, 2015

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research
08:30

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

Published on: June 8, 2017

Canalostomy As a Surgical Approach to Local Drug Delivery into the Inner Ears of Adult and Neonatal Mice
09:34

Canalostomy As a Surgical Approach to Local Drug Delivery into the Inner Ears of Adult and Neonatal Mice

Published on: May 25, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Virology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Viral infections can affect the inner ear, leading to various auditory and vestibular disorders.
  • Understanding the role of viruses in conditions like congenital sensorineural hearing loss (cSNHL), sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), Ménière's disease, and vestibular neuritis is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in diagnosing and managing viral inner ear disorders.
  • To discuss the current evidence for viral involvement in cSNHL, SSNHL, Ménière's disease, and vestibular neuritis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on viral inner ear disorders.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and management strategies.
  • Evaluation of evidence supporting viral etiologies.

Main Results:

  • Cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy is a significant cause of hearing loss and neurological issues; ganciclovir shows promise for affected newborns.
  • Current evidence does not support viral serology or antivirals for SSNHL; hypertension and diabetes are associated risk factors.
  • The viral hypothesis for Ménière's disease is unproven, and evidence for routine corticosteroid or antiviral use in vestibular neuritis is insufficient.

Conclusions:

  • Congenital sensorineural hearing loss (cSNHL) has the clearest viral link among discussed inner ear disorders.
  • Evidence for viral involvement in SSNHL, Ménière's disease, and vestibular neuritis remains indirect and inconclusive.
  • Continued research is needed to clarify the role of viruses and refine treatment approaches for these conditions.