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Updated: May 19, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
A consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly complications
S Melmed1, F F Casanueva, A Klibanski
1Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Room 2015, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. Shlomo.Melmed@cshs.org
Abstract:
In March 2011, the Acromegaly Consensus Group met to revise and update the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly complications. The meeting was sponsored by the Pituitary Society and the European Neuroendocrinology Association and included experts skilled in the management of acromegaly. Complications considered included cardiovascular, endocrine and metabolic, sleep apnea, bone diseases, and mortality. Outcomes in selected, related clinical conditions were also considered, and included pregnancy, familial acromegaly and invasive macroadenomas. The need for a new disease staging model was considered, and design of such a tool was proposed.
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