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Updated: May 19, 2026

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
Published on: January 7, 2014
Gene-environment interaction in Alzheimer's disease
Neeraj Kumar Singh1, Neelam Chhillar, B D Banerjee
1Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India.
Objectives:
The aim was to examine the gene environment (GxE) interaction with reference to APO E genotypes, serum lipids and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) as one of the factors in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods:
A case control study was used to examine, APOE HhaI polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/PCRrestriction fragment length polymorphism method, serum lipids by autoanalyser and OCPs by gas chromatography (GC).
Results:
APOE ∈4 allele frequency was significantly high (p=0.000, OR=5.73, CI=2.68-12.50) in AD as compared to controls. The serum cholesterol, β- hexachlorocyclohexane and dieldrin are risk factors for AD independent of the APOE ∈4 risk allele, recording an odds ratio of 1.16, 11.38 and 10.45 respectively.
Conclusion:
GxE interactions exist with APOE ∈4 allele status that need to be considered for the study design and analysis of such data in future studies of AD.
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