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Related Concept Videos

Relationship Formation02:12

Relationship Formation

What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
Factors Influencing Attraction IV: Reciprocity01:28

Factors Influencing Attraction IV: Reciprocity

Reciprocity in attraction is fundamental to social and romantic relationships, shaping how individuals form and maintain connections. The psychological principle underlying this phenomenon is that people tend to like those who express liking toward them. Balance theory supports this tendency, suggesting that mutual attraction fosters psychological harmony, whereas one-sided affection leads to discomfort and cognitive dissonance.The Psychological Mechanisms Behind ReciprocityWhen individuals...
Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
Social Exchange Theory01:26

Social Exchange Theory

As formulated by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley, Social Exchange Theory explains human relationships as economic-like exchanges that maximize rewards and minimize costs. This theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships to gain benefits and reduce burdens, similar to economic transactions. It has been widely applied to various types of relationships, including romantic, professional, and social interactions.Rewards and Costs in RelationshipsRelationship rewards include emotional...
Relationship Growth01:27

Relationship Growth

Interpersonal relationships progress through stages, beginning with awareness and moving toward mutuality, where emotional connections deepen. While many relationships remain at moderate levels of mutuality, deeper connections form through self-disclosure, trust, and interdependence.Self-DisclosureSelf-disclosure involves revealing personal information, starting with surface-level details and gradually progressing to more intimate content. As trust grows, individuals feel more comfortable...
Factors Influencing Attraction III: Similarity01:23

Factors Influencing Attraction III: Similarity

The similarity hypothesis suggests that individuals are more likely to form relationships with others who share similar attitudes, beliefs, values, and interests. This concept has been widely studied in social psychology, demonstrating that perceived similarity fosters interpersonal attraction. In an experiment supporting this hypothesis, participants were presented with fabricated information indicating that strangers held attitudes similar to their own. The results showed that participants...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents
08:38

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents

Published on: November 21, 2019

Cooperation and assortativity with dynamic partner updating.

Jing Wang1, Siddharth Suri, Duncan J Watts

  • 1Department of Information, Operations and Management Sciences, Leonard N Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA. jwang5@stern.nyu.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Dynamic partner selection in social dilemmas significantly boosts cooperation and rewards. Allowing individuals to choose relationships enhances cooperation by enabling conditional cooperators to exclude defectors.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents
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Published on: January 18, 2013

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
06:41

Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors

Published on: February 25, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Game Theory

Background:

  • Human relationship dynamics are crucial for cooperation.
  • Conditional cooperators benefit from choosing interaction partners to exclude defectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of dynamic partner updating on cooperation in iterated prisoner's dilemma games.
  • To analyze how relationship formation and dissolution influence cooperative behavior and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Human subjects experiments involving groups of 24 participants.
  • Iterated prisoner's dilemma game with the ability to propose and delete links dynamically.
  • Varied parameter settings and initial conditions to test robustness.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic partner updating significantly increased cooperation levels and average player payoffs.
  • Assortativity between cooperators increased, primarily driven by cooperators avoiding defectors.
  • Slower update rates had substantial effects; increased rates yielded diminishing positive returns.

Conclusions:

  • Enabling conditional cooperators to dynamically update partners is an effective strategy for promoting cooperation.
  • The mechanism of avoiding defectors, rather than severing ties, was initially dominant in standard payoffs.
  • Modified payoffs incentivized defectors' exclusion, leading to sustained cooperation.