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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation
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Published on: July 23, 2012

MicroRNAs in learning, memory, and neurological diseases.

Wenyuan Wang1, Ester J Kwon, Li-Huei Tsai

  • 1Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Learning & Memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)
|August 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs regulating gene expression, crucial for brain function, neural development, and plasticity. Advanced sequencing methods reveal their role in learning, memory, and neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, regulatory noncoding RNAs that control gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • They are vital for numerous biological processes, including development and cancer.
  • MiRNAs are abundant in the nervous system, playing key roles in normal and pathological brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the significance of miRNA-based gene regulation in brain function.
  • To investigate the role of miRNAs in neural processes like synaptic plasticity and learning.
  • To highlight the impact of advanced sequencing technologies on understanding miRNA functions in the brain.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, such as RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq).
  • Genome-wide quantitative evaluation of miRNA functions in large sample cohorts.
  • Analysis of miRNA expression patterns in various physiological and pathological brain conditions.

Main Results:

  • MiRNAs fine-tune gene expression critical for brain development and function.
  • Evidence links miRNAs to dendrite remodeling, synaptic plasticity, and neural circuit adaptation.
  • NGS technologies enable comprehensive analysis of miRNA roles in higher-order brain functions.

Conclusions:

  • MiRNA regulatory networks are fundamental to brain function, with disruptions linked to abnormalities.
  • MiRNAs are implicated in learning, memory, cognition, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • Emerging sequencing technologies are significantly advancing our understanding of miRNA mechanisms in the brain.