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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs. “eh”). Phonemes combine to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

Productive vocabulary across discourse types.

Gerasimos Fergadiotis1, Heather Harris Wright, Gilson J Capilouto

  • 1Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.

Aphasiology
|August 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discourse type and age significantly impact lexical diversity in language samples. Age-related differences in lexical diversity were observed with verbal stimuli but not pictorial ones.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
12:49

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

Published on: July 13, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Lexical diversity is a key measure of language production.
  • Understanding factors influencing lexical diversity is crucial for linguistic analysis.
  • Age and discourse context are known to affect language complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how discourse type influences lexical diversity.
  • To determine the impact of age on lexical diversity across different discourse tasks.
  • To explore the interaction between age and discourse type in shaping lexical diversity.

Main Methods:

  • 86 healthy adults (young: 20-29, old: 70-89) participated.
  • Language samples were elicited using four discourse tasks: procedures, eventcasts, story telling, and recounts.
  • Lexical diversity was analyzed using dedicated software (voc-D).

Main Results:

  • A consistent lexical diversity hierarchy was observed across both age groups.
  • Age-related differences in lexical diversity were found with verbally presented stimuli.
  • These age-related differences diminished when language samples were elicited using pictorial stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Discourse type and age are significant factors influencing lexical diversity.
  • Findings have important methodological implications for language research.
  • Further research is needed on lexical diversity in neurogenic language disorders.