Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 19, 2026
08:46
Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
Published on: November 22, 2016
4-Cyano-1-methyl-pyridinium bromide
Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|August 21, 2012
Summary
This study details the crystal structure of a molecular salt, C(7)H(7)N(2) (+)·Br(-). It reveals cation dimers linked by hydrogen bonds and interpenetrating sheets formed by cation-anion interactions.
Area of Science:
- Crystal chemistry and supramolecular chemistry.
Background:
- Understanding the intermolecular interactions in molecular salts is crucial for predicting their solid-state properties.
- The structural characterization of organic salts provides insights into crystal packing and hydrogen bonding networks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the crystal structure of the molecular salt C(7)H(7)N(2) (+)·Br(-).
- To investigate the hydrogen bonding and intermolecular interactions present in the crystal lattice.
- To compare the structure with its iodide analogue.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the three-dimensional crystal structure.
- Analysis of hydrogen bonding and non-covalent interactions was performed using crystallographic data.
Main Results:
- The crystal structure of C(7)H(7)N(2) (+)·Br(-) was determined, revealing specific cation arrangements.
- Cations form inversion dimers through weak C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, with mean planes separated by 0.292(6) Å.
- Weak C-H⋯Br interactions link cations and anions into interpenetrating sheets, involving all hydrogen atoms.
Conclusions:
- The title compound, C(7)H(7)N(2) (+)·Br(-), exhibits a unique crystal structure governed by hydrogen bonding.
- The observed structural features, including cation dimers and interpenetrating sheets, highlight the role of weak interactions.
- The compound is isostructural with its iodide analogue, suggesting similar packing motifs in related halide salts.
More Related Videos
19:58Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
08:12Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
Published on: September 8, 2017
Related Concept Videos
02:45Alkyl Halides
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
02:41Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes
An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.
02:46Halogenation of Alkenes
Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
01:14Electrophilic 1,2- and 1,4-Addition of X2 to 1,3-Butadiene
Electrophilic addition of halogens to alkenes proceeds via a cyclic halonium ion to form a 1,2-dihalide or a vicinal dihalide.
01:13¹H NMR: Complex Splitting
A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
01:27Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination
In organic synthesis, the formation of products can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. For example, a dibromo addition product is formed when propene is treated with bromine at room temperature. In contrast, propene undergoes allylic substitution in non-polar solvents at high temperatures to give 3-bromopropene. In order to avoid the addition reaction, the bromine concentration must be kept as low as possible throughout the reaction. This can be achieved using N-bromosuccinimide...