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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

Cervical disc arthroplasty: Pros and cons.

Bradley Moatz1, P Justin Tortolani

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Instititutions, 3333 N. Calvert St. Suite 400, Baltimore, MD 21218.

Surgical Neurology International
|August 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cervical disc arthroplasty offers benefits like faster return to work compared to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). While not definitively preventing adjacent segment degeneration, it presents a viable alternative for select patients.

Keywords:
Total disc replacementadjacent segment degenerationanterior cervical discectomy and fusionbracingcomplicationsdysphagiareturn to work

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model
07:06

Surgical Technique for the Implantation of a Biomimetic Artificial Intervertebral Disc in a Goat Animal Model

Published on: October 10, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery innovations
  • Degenerative disc disease research
  • Orthopedic surgical techniques

Background:

  • Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a standard treatment for cervical spine issues.
  • The long-term effect of ACDF on adjacent segment degeneration is still debated.
  • Cervical disc arthroplasty is being investigated as an alternative to ACDF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on cervical disc arthroplasty.
  • To compare the advantages and disadvantages of cervical arthroplasty versus ACDF.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cervical disc replacement.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing studies on cervical arthroplasty.
  • Comparative analysis of outcomes between cervical arthroplasty and ACDF.
  • Emphasis on pros and cons of each surgical approach.

Main Results:

  • Cervical arthroplasty demonstrates comparable effectiveness to ACDF in early clinical outcomes.
  • Novel complications associated with cervical arthroplasty are emerging.
  • ACDF may lead to adjacent segment degeneration, though this is not definitively proven.

Conclusions:

  • Cervical disc replacement shows potential advantages, including quicker return to work and less need for postoperative bracing.
  • Definitive evidence linking cervical disc replacement to reduced adjacent segment degeneration is lacking.
  • Arthroplasty is a promising alternative for carefully selected patients undergoing cervical spine surgery.