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Related Concept Videos

Coupled Reactions01:17

Coupled Reactions

Cellular processes such as building and breaking down complex molecules occur through stepwise chemical reactions. Some of these chemical reactions are spontaneous and release energy, whereas others require energy to proceed. Cells often couple the energy-releasing reaction with the energy-requiring one to carry out important cell functions. 
Energy in adenosine triphosphate or ATP molecules is easily accessible to do work. ATP powers the majority of energy-requiring cellular reactions. Cells...
Multi-Step Reactions02:31

Multi-Step Reactions

Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. Each of the steps in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. These...
Reaction Mechanisms: The Steady-State Approximation01:26

Reaction Mechanisms: The Steady-State Approximation

The steady-state approximation, also referred to as the quasi-steady-state approximation to differentiate it from a true steady state, is a widely used method for simplifying calculations in complex reaction mechanisms. This approach is particularly useful when dealing with multi-step reactions that involve reverse reactions or several steps, which can significantly increase mathematical complexity and make the reactions nearly unsolvable analytically.The steady-state approximation operates on...
Free Energy and Equilibrium02:56

Free Energy and Equilibrium

The free energy change for a process may be viewed as a measure of its driving force. A negative value for ΔG represents a driving force for the process in the forward direction, while a positive value represents a driving force for the process in the reverse direction. When ΔGrxn is zero, the forward and reverse driving forces are equal, and the process occurs in both directions at the same rate (the system is at equilibrium).
Recall that Q is the numerical value of the mass action expression...
Free Energy and Equilibrium00:55

Free Energy and Equilibrium

The free energy change for a process may be viewed as a measure of its driving force. A negative value for ΔG represents a driving force for the process in the forward direction, while a positive value represents a driving force for the process in the reverse direction. When ΔG is zero, the forward and reverse driving forces are equal, and the process occurs in both directions at the same rate (the system is at equilibrium).
The reaction quotient, Q, is a convenient measure of the status of an...
Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations01:21

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations

Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
10:52

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

MESMER: an open-source master equation solver for multi-energy well reactions.

David R Glowacki1, Chi-Hsiu Liang, Christopher Morley

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. drglowacki@gmail.com

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|August 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces MESMER, a new open-source tool for simulating complex chemical kinetics. MESMER accurately models nonequilibrium chemical reactions by considering energy transfer, improving predictions across various chemical systems.

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Published on: July 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Chemical Physics
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Traditional chemical kinetics models like transition state theory (TST) and RRKM theory excel in specific limits (fast or slow relaxation).
  • Intermediate relaxation regimes, crucial for many natural chemical processes, lack well-established theoretical approaches.
  • Master equation methods have recently shown promise in analyzing nonequilibrium chemical kinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce MESMER (Master Equation Solver for Multi-Energy Well Reactions), a user-friendly, open-source software.
  • To facilitate kinetic simulations in systems with multi-well molecular energy landscapes and significant energy transfer effects.
  • To provide advanced statistical mechanics methods for enhanced kinetic modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Development of MESMER, an object-oriented, open-source code.
  • Implementation of master equation approaches for nonequilibrium kinetics.
  • Inclusion of specialized methods such as contracted basis sets and nonadiabatic RRKM theory for spin-hopping.

Main Results:

  • MESMER enables simulations of chemical kinetics across multi-well energy topologies where energy transfer is significant.
  • The software incorporates advanced statistical mechanics techniques for improved accuracy.
  • It is designed for broad applicability in atmospheric, combustion, and solution-phase chemistry.

Conclusions:

  • MESMER provides a robust tool for studying nonequilibrium chemical kinetics in complex systems.
  • The open-source nature and user-friendly design aim to foster wider adoption and development.
  • Advancements in computational tools like MESMER are expected to enable routine, reliable predictions of chemical kinetics as data and theory improve.