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Alkaline phosphatase activity after cardiothoracic surgery in infants and correlation with post-operative support and
Insights
Serum alkaline phosphatase activity significantly decreases after infant cardiothoracic surgery. Lower post-operative alkaline phosphatase levels correlate with increased inflammation and longer recovery times, suggesting its potential as a biomarker.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Pediatric Surgery
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Limited evidence suggests serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreases post-cardiac surgery.
- Emerging research highlights ALP's role in modulating inflammation, particularly during cardiopulmonary bypass.
- The clinical significance of ALP changes in infants undergoing cardiothoracic surgery remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify changes in serum alkaline phosphatase activity in infants after cardiothoracic surgery.
- To investigate the association between post-operative ALP levels and the intensity/duration of post-operative support.
- To explore correlations with inflammatory markers and short-term clinical outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Sub-analysis of a prospective observational study involving 70 infants (≤90 days) undergoing cardiothoracic surgery.
- Grouped subjects based on cardiopulmonary bypass and delayed sternal closure.
- Measured serum alkaline phosphatase, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein pre-operatively and on post-operative day 1; analyzed associations using generalized linear modeling and logistic regression.
Main Results:
- Significant mean decreases in ALP were observed: 30 U/L (non-bypass), 114 U/L (bypass), and 94 U/L (delayed sternal closure).
- Each 10 U/L ALP decrease correlated with increased vasoactive-inotropic score, prolonged intubation, longer hospital stay, and elevated procalcitonin.
- No significant association was found between post-operative ALP and C-reactive protein levels.
Conclusions:
- Alkaline phosphatase activity demonstrably decreases following infant cardiothoracic surgery.
- Low post-operative ALP is independently linked to heightened procalcitonin, increased need for post-operative support, and prolonged recovery.
- ALP may function as a valuable biomarker for post-operative support and inflammation in infants.
Introduction:
Limited evidence suggests that serum alkaline phosphatase activity may decrease after cardiac surgery in adults and children. The importance of this finding is not known. Recent studies, however, have identified a potential role for alkaline phosphatase as modulator of inflammation in multiple settings, including during adult cardiopulmonary bypass. We sought to describe the change in alkaline phosphatase activity after cardiothoracic surgery in infants and to assess for a correlation with intensity and duration of post-operative support, markers of inflammation, and short-term clinical outcomes.
Methods:
Sub-analysis of a prospective observational study on the kinetics of procalcitonin in 70 infants (≤ 90 days old) undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. Subjects were grouped based on the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and delayed sternal closure. Alkaline phosphatase, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were obtained pre-operation and on post-operative day 1. Mean change in alkaline phosphatase activity was determined in each surgical group. Generalized linear modeling and logistic regression were employed to assess for associations between post-operative alkaline phosphatase activity and post-operative support, inflammation, and short term outcomes. Primary endpoints were vasoactive-inotropic score at 24 hours and length of intubation. Secondary endpoints included procalcitonin/CRP levels on post-operative day 1, length of hospital stay, and cardiac arrest or death.
Results:
Mean decrease in alkaline phosphatase was 30 U/L (p = 0.01) in the non-bypass group, 114 U/L (p < 0.0001) in the bypass group, and 94 U/L (p < 0.0001) in the delayed sternal closure group. On multivariate analysis, each 10 U/L decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity on post-operative day 1 was independently associated with an increase in vasoactive-inotropic score by 0.7 (p < 0.0001), intubation time by 6% (p < 0.05), hospital stay by 5% (p < 0.05), and procalcitonin by 14% (P < 0.01), with a trend towards increased odds of cardiac arrest or death (OR 1.3; p = 0.06). Post-operative alkaline phosphatase activity was not associated with CRP (p = 0.7).
Conclusions:
Alkaline phosphatase activity decreases after cardiothoracic surgery in infants. Low post-operative alkaline phosphatase activity is independently associated with increased procalcitonin, increased vasoactive/inotropic support, prolonged intubation time, and prolonged hospital stay. Alkaline phosphatase may serve as a biomarker and potential modulator of post-operative support and inflammation following cardiothoracic surgery in infants.
