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Estrogenic compounds decrease growth hormone receptor abundance and alter osmoregulation in Atlantic salmon.

Darren T Lerner1, Mark A Sheridan, Stephen D McCormick

  • 1Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. lerner@hawaii.edu

General and Comparative Endocrinology
|August 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Estrogenic compounds like 17β-estradiol disrupt Atlantic salmon smolt development by impairing the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis. This endocrine disruption affects growth, seawater tolerance, and ion regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Fish Physiology

Background:

  • Estrogenic compounds are known environmental contaminants.
  • Smolt development in Atlantic salmon is crucial for seawater adaptation.
  • The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis plays a key role in fish growth and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the endocrine mechanisms by which estrogenic compounds impact the GH/IGF-I axis in Atlantic salmon smolts.
  • To determine the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) on smolt development and seawater tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Atlantic salmon smolts were exposed to E2 and NP via injection or implantation.
  • Measurements included hepatosomatic index, plasma calcium, GH binding, plasma IGF-I, plasma GH, plasma chloride, and gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity.
  • Effects on ionocytes were also assessed.

Main Results:

  • E2 and NP treatments increased hepatosomatic index and plasma calcium.
  • GH binding and plasma IGF-I levels were reduced by E2 and NP.
  • Plasma GH levels showed differential responses in freshwater and seawater.
  • E2 treatment in seawater reduced gill Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and altered ionocyte characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Estrogenic compounds downregulate the GH/IGF-I axis in Atlantic salmon smolts.
  • These disruptions compromise seawater tolerance and ion regulation.
  • Endocrine disruption by NP may occur via reduced GH receptor abundance, affecting smolt development.