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Related Concept Videos

Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
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Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Standard Membrane Feeding Assay for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles Mosquito Vectors
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Standard Membrane Feeding Assay for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles Mosquito Vectors

Published on: May 12, 2022

Adjunctive management of malaria.

Sanjeev Krishna1

  • 1Division of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK. s.krishna@sgul.ac.uk

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|August 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Artesunate improves severe malaria outcomes, but mortality remains significant. New adjunct therapies are being explored to improve severe malaria treatment by understanding its complex pathophysiology.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Severe malaria treatment has improved with artesunate, yet mortality rates persist between 1.4% and 9.5%.
  • Identifying effective adjunct therapies for severe malaria has been challenging due to past interventions causing harm or lacking benefit.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding severe malaria pathophysiology.
  • To contextualize new adjunct therapies aimed at improving outcomes in severe malaria.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent developments in malaria pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of pilot studies on interventions for cerebral malaria complications.
  • Evaluation of evidence for fluid administration, blood transfusions, and red cell exchanges.

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  • Discussion of other potential interventions like nitric oxide enhancement and acute renal failure management.

    • Main Results:

    • Imaging and postmortem findings are driving research into new interventions for severe and cerebral malaria.
    • Pilot studies are re-evaluating approaches like N-acetyl cysteine and mannitol for cerebral malaria.
    • Evidence for fluid administration, blood transfusions, and red cell exchanges in severe malaria is critically reviewed.

    Conclusions:

    • Adjunct therapies for severe malaria have historically yielded poor results.
    • Deeper insights into pathophysiological processes offer potential for future mortality reduction in severe malaria.