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Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

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Transient Optical Clearing Using Absorbing Molecules for Ex Vivo and In Vivo Imaging
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Transient obscuration of vision.

Robert Corns1, Lamia Nayeb, Andrew Martin

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, St George's Hospital, London, UK. cilfodan@hotmail.com

BMJ Case Reports
|August 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A 13-year-old girl experienced worsening headaches and vision loss due to a third ventricle tumor causing hydrocephalus. Endoscopic surgery resolved symptoms, highlighting the importance of recognizing signs of increased intracranial pressure.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • A 13-year-old presented with a 4-month history of progressive headache and visual disturbance.
  • Initial symptoms were overlooked, despite being suggestive of raised intracranial pressure.

Observation:

  • Examination revealed bilateral papilledema and left homonymous hemianopia.
  • Imaging (CT and MRI) identified a tumor obstructing the third ventricle, leading to hydrocephalus.

Findings:

  • Endoscopic surgery was performed with uncomplicated outcomes.
  • Post-surgery, the patient experienced significant improvement in headache and visual function.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the critical need to promptly recognize and investigate symptoms of raised intracranial pressure in pediatric patients.

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  • Early diagnosis and surgical intervention for third ventricle tumors can lead to favorable neurological recovery.
  • Highlights the diagnostic challenges and importance of thorough clinical evaluation in pediatric neuro-oncology.