Lesion mapping of cognitive control and value-based decision making in the prefrontal cortex
Jan Gläscher1, Ralph Adolphs, Hanna Damasio
1Division of Humanities and Social Sciences and Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. glaescher@uke.uni-hamburg.de
Summary
This study reveals distinct brain networks in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). One network governs cognitive control, while another manages value-based decision-making, offering precise insights into PFC function.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroanatomy
Background:
- Previous research has broadly characterized prefrontal cortex (PFC) functions.
- Specific regional roles in cognitive control and decision-making require further clarification.
Purpose of the Study:
- To definitively map functional-anatomical networks within the human prefrontal cortex (PFC).
- To provide causal evidence for regional specificity of cognitive functions in the PFC.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a neuropsychological approach with a unique, decades-long dataset.
- Applied voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping in 344 individuals with focal lesions (165 involving the PFC).
- Administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tasks.
Main Results:
- Identified two distinct functional-anatomical networks within the PFC.
- A cognitive control network (including dorsolateral PFC and anterior cingulate cortex) supports response inhibition, conflict monitoring, and switching.
- A value-based decision-making network (including orbitofrontal, ventromedial, and frontopolar cortex) is crucial for decision-making processes.
Conclusions:
- The human PFC exhibits remarkable functional-anatomical specificity.
- Distinct regions within the PFC are causally linked to specific cognitive functions like control and decision-making.
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