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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells
10:26

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

CD28-B7 interaction modulates short- and long-lived plasma cell function.

Modesta N Njau1, Jin Hyang Kim, Craig P Chappell

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|August 22, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The CD28-B7 interaction regulates plasma cell antibody production. CD28-deficient plasma cells produce more antibodies, suggesting CD28 inhibits antibody secretion in both short- and long-lived plasma cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • CD28 interaction with B7.1/B7.2 is crucial for T cell activation.
  • CD28 is expressed on plasma cells, but its function there is unknown.
  • Plasma cells include short-lived and long-lived populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CD28 and its ligands (B7.1/B7.2) in regulating plasma cell function.
  • To determine how CD28 signaling impacts antibody production by plasma cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized CD28-deficient mice to study plasma cell antibody production.
  • Analyzed antibody levels in both short-lived and long-lived plasma cell populations.
  • Investigated the expression of B7.1 and B7.2 on plasma cells.

Main Results:

  • CD28-deficient plasma cells showed significantly higher antibody production compared to wild-type.
  • Increased frequencies of plasma cells and enhanced production per cell contributed to higher antibody levels.
  • B cell deficiency in B7.1 and B7.2 also resulted in elevated antibody levels.

Conclusions:

  • The CD28-B7 pathway acts as a key regulator of plasma cell function.
  • CD28 signaling appears to inhibit antibody production by plasma cells.
  • Targeting the CD28-B7 interaction could modulate antibody responses.