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Understanding Deception

Understanding Deception

Deception is a pervasive aspect of human communication. Empirical studies have shown that most individuals engage in some form of deceit on a daily basis, with approximately 20% of social exchanges involving deceptive elements. Lying follows a developmental trajectory, peaking during adolescence and declining with age, possibly due to the maturation of cognitive control and social accountability.Cognitive and Social Factors in Deception DetectionDespite its prevalence, accurately detecting...

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Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.

Self-Discrepancy Theory

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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...

Strategies of Self-Presentation I: Strategic Self-Presentation

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Strategic self-presentation refers to individuals' intentional efforts to influence how others perceive them. This process is employed in various social and professional settings, such as job interviews, dating, politics, and legal contexts, where individuals seek to shape impressions to gain social or material advantages. While people generally present themselves in ways that align with their authentic characteristics, external factors, such as cognitive load, can hinder their ability to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

Social indicators of deception.

James E Driskell¹, Eduardo Salas, Tripp Driskell

¹Florida Maxima Corporation, 507 N. New York Ave., R-5, Winter Park, FL 32789, USA. jdriskell@rollins.edu

|August 23, 2012

Summary

Detecting deception in pairs is possible by observing social cues. Truthful dyads exhibit more behavioral synchrony and interaction than deceptive ones, aiding security screening.

Area of Science:

Social Psychology
Behavioral Science
Homeland Security

Background:

Increased global emphasis on deception detection in security and law enforcement.
Limited understanding of interpersonal cues for truth/deception in multi-suspect interviews.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate methods for determining truth or deception in concurrent interviews of multiple suspects.
To identify social-level indicators of deception in dyadic interactions.

Main Methods:

Empirical study involving pairs of police officers and firefighters.
Dyads described either a real event (truth condition) or fabricated a story (deception condition).
Analysis focused on interactive behaviors and shared memory.

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The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

An Experimental Analysis of Children's Ability to Provide a False Report about a Crime

Published on: May 3, 2016

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test

Published on: November 19, 2015

Main Results:

Truthful dyads displayed significantly greater behavioral synchrony.
Increased mutual gaze and smoother speech transitions were observed in truthful pairs.
Deceptive dyads showed less interaction and behavioral coordination.

Conclusions:

Behavioral synchrony and interaction patterns can serve as indicators of deception in social contexts.
Findings offer theoretical insights into dyadic deception detection.
Results can enhance training and strategies for security screeners.