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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
DNA Microarrays02:34

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP02:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP

Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
Types of ChIP
ChIP can be divided into two types - X-ChIP and N-ChIP. X-ChIP involves in vivo cross-linking of histones and regulatory proteins to DNA, fragmenting the DNA by sonication, and isolating the protein-DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays
09:47

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays

Published on: August 1, 2017

Peptide microarrays to interrogate the "histone code".

Scott B Rothbart1, Krzysztof Krajewski, Brian D Strahl

  • 1Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Methods in Enzymology
|August 23, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study details methods for creating modified histone peptides and using microarrays to study histone-protein interactions. This approach aids in understanding the "histone code" and its role in gene regulation.

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The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin
24:02

The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin

Published on: April 11, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays
09:47

Analysis of Histone Antibody Specificity with Peptide Microarrays

Published on: August 1, 2017

The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin
24:02

The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin

Published on: April 11, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Biology
  • Chromatin Biology
  • Protein-Nucleic Acid Interactions

Background:

  • Histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are crucial for chromatin dynamics and gene regulation.
  • The
  • histone code
  • hypothesis suggests PTMs are interpreted by effector proteins to control chromatin function.
  • Numerous histone-binding domains are known, but many remain uncharacterized, necessitating new research methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a detailed methodology for exploring histone-protein and histone-enzyme interactions.
  • To enable the characterization of novel histone-binding motifs and domains.
  • To provide a user-friendly approach for investigating the functional consequences of histone modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of combinatorially modified histone peptides.
  • Fabrication of peptide microarrays for high-throughput screening.
  • Characterization of effector protein interactions, antibody binding, and enzyme substrate specificity.

Main Results:

  • The described methods allow for the systematic analysis of histone PTM recognition.
  • Enables the identification of specific protein domains that bind to modified histones.
  • Facilitates the determination of substrate preferences for histone-modifying enzymes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed peptide microarray approach offers a versatile platform for dissecting the histone code.
  • This methodology advances the understanding of how histone modifications regulate gene transcription and other chromatin-based processes.
  • It provides a foundation for discovering new epigenetic regulators and their mechanisms of action.