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Phobia: prevalence and risk factors.

J H Boyd1, D S Rae, J W Thompson

  • 1Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, MD.

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
|November 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Phobias are the most common psychiatric disorder, affecting an estimated 6.2% of US adults. The Epidemiologic Catchment Area study found phobias are more prevalent in women, younger individuals, and those with lower socioeconomic status.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Epidemiology
  • Mental Health

Background:

  • Phobias are common psychiatric disorders with varied prevalence rates reported in prior studies.
  • The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and DSM III criteria are used for classification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present main phobia data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) program.
  • To determine the prevalence and risk factors of phobias in the community.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the ECA program, a large-scale community survey.
  • Employed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) for phobia assessment, classified by DSM III criteria.

Main Results:

  • Phobias are the most common psychiatric disorder, with a one-month prevalence of 4.0-11.1% (estimated 6.2% in the US).

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  • Higher prevalence in women for simple phobia and agoraphobia; no significant sex difference for social phobia.
  • Increased prevalence in younger age groups, individuals with low socioeconomic status, and those with other psychiatric disorders.

    • Conclusions:

    • Phobias are highly prevalent, often chronic, with onset in childhood or adolescence.
    • Comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders is the strongest risk factor.
    • Less than 25% of individuals with phobias receive treatment, indicating a significant treatment gap.