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01:21Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
The condition is more prevalent among...
01:17Other Pulmonary Disorders
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
01:24Sleep-Wake Cycles
Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
01:30Tonsillitis I: Introduction
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
01:07Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
01:25Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.
Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:
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A real-world pharmacovigilance analysis of cardiac, endocrine, and neurological adverse events associated with cabergoline: a disproportionality study.
Archives of medical science : AMS·2026
Multiple system morbidities associated with children with snore symptom.
Xiao-Hong Cai1, Xiu-Cui Li, Qing-Qing Hu
1Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325027, China. caixh839@sina.com
Pediatric Pulmonology
|August 23, 2012
Summary
Childhood obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is linked to growth delays, cognitive issues, and metabolic changes. Primary snoring (PS) in children shows maxillofacial issues but normal growth and cognition.
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Area of Science:
- Pediatric Medicine
- Sleep Medicine
- Otolaryngology
Background:
- Snoring in children can range from primary snoring (PS) to obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).
- Understanding the systemic morbidities associated with these conditions is crucial for diagnosis and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between snoring, specifically PS and OSAHS, and various systemic morbidities in children.
- To compare the health parameters of children with PS and OSAHS to those of healthy children.
Main Methods:
- Children were categorized into PS, OSAHS, and control groups based on polysomnography.
- Growth parameters, maxillofacial development, blood chemistry, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and intelligence testing (for children ≥6 years) were assessed.
Main Results:
- OSAHS children exhibited lower weight and height, higher incidence of adenoidal face and dental malocclusion, abnormal lipid profiles, potential pulmonary hypertension, and lower IQ scores with increased attention deficits compared to controls.
- PS children showed similar growth and cognitive function to controls but had a higher incidence of maxillofacial malformations.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric OSAHS is associated with significant multi-system morbidities including growth impairment, maxillofacial abnormalities, cognitive deficits, dyslipidemia, and altered pulmonary artery pressures.
- While PS children also present with maxillofacial malformations, they maintain normal growth and cognitive function, distinguishing them from OSAHS patients.