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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light02:00

Photoreceptors and Plant Responses to Light

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides other important cues to regulate a range of developmental and physiological responses in plants.
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Sunscreens: obtaining adequate photoprotection.

Mark E Burnett1, Judy Y Hu, Steven Q Wang

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10022, USA.

Dermatologic Therapy
|August 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Effective photoprotection is crucial for preventing skin aging and cancer. While sun avoidance is best, most people now use sunscreen, making it a key focus for sun safety.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Adequate photoprotection is essential for mitigating photoaging and photocarcinogenesis.
  • Common strategies include sun avoidance, shade, protective clothing, and sunscreen application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of photoprotection strategies.
  • To address the public's current trend in employing these strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current photoprotective strategies.
  • Analysis of public behavior regarding sun protection.

Main Results:

  • The public's preferred order of photoprotection has reversed.
  • Sunscreen use is the most frequent strategy, despite being the least effective.

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Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

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Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation
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Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Published on: August 19, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
06:24

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation
03:20

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Published on: August 19, 2025

Conclusions:

  • Sunscreens are central to public photoprotection discussions due to widespread use.
  • Public education on the hierarchy of effective sun protection strategies is needed.