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Related Concept Videos

Cholera01:25

Cholera

Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
Reservoir of Infection01:30

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...
Evolution of New Traits in Microbes01:24

Evolution of New Traits in Microbes

Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
07:58

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Published on: May 30, 2017

Cholera: something old, something new.

Michael Sigman1, Fred A Luchette

  • 1Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine of Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA.

Surgical Infections
|August 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cholera re-emerged in Haiti after a 2011 earthquake, causing a severe diarrheal illness. Treatment focuses on hydration, with antibiotics for severe cases, and prevention through improved sanitation and hygiene.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Haiti experienced a devastating cholera outbreak in 2011, the first in over a century, following a major earthquake.
  • The outbreak affected Haiti and spread to neighboring countries, causing significant mortality.
  • The re-emergence of cholera raised questions about its introduction to the island, as it has no known non-human host.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of cholera's history.
  • To detail the pathophysiology and virulence factors of the cholera pathogen.
  • To outline current treatment recommendations for cholera.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of medical articles published within the last 10 years using PubMed.
  • Review of bibliographies from identified articles to find additional relevant sources.

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Discovery of New Intracellular Pathogens by Amoebal Coculture and Amoebal Enrichment Approaches
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Discovery of New Intracellular Pathogens by Amoebal Coculture and Amoebal Enrichment Approaches

Published on: October 27, 2013

Vibrio cholerae: Model Organism to Study Bacterial Pathogenesis - Interview
06:44

Vibrio cholerae: Model Organism to Study Bacterial Pathogenesis - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
07:58

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Published on: May 30, 2017

Discovery of New Intracellular Pathogens by Amoebal Coculture and Amoebal Enrichment Approaches
09:04

Discovery of New Intracellular Pathogens by Amoebal Coculture and Amoebal Enrichment Approaches

Published on: October 27, 2013

Vibrio cholerae: Model Organism to Study Bacterial Pathogenesis - Interview
06:44

Vibrio cholerae: Model Organism to Study Bacterial Pathogenesis - Interview

Published on: May 28, 2007

Main Results:

  • The epidemic was caused by a South Asian strain of cholera (seventh since 1900), transmitted via the fecal-oral route.
  • Cholera toxin induces rapid dehydration by disrupting intestinal epithelial cells, leading to watery diarrhea.
  • Primary treatment involves oral rehydration, with intravenous fluids and antibiotics for severe cases; prevention relies on hygiene and safe water practices.

Conclusions:

  • Cholera is a re-emerging infectious disease with increasing global incidence.
  • Vaccination can aid epidemic control and protect healthcare workers in developing nations.
  • Improved sanitation, access to potable water, and consideration of antibiotics for hospitalized patients are crucial during cholera epidemics.