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Updated: May 19, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
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The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: October 13, 2016

From magic mountain to table mountain.

Andreas H Diacon1, Florian von Groote-Bidlingmaier, Peter R Donald

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa. ahd@sun.ac.za

Swiss Medical Weekly
|August 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tuberculosis treatment has evolved from sanatorium care to multi-drug chemotherapy. New drugs show promise for shorter, more effective tuberculosis treatment, even for drug-resistant strains.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
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Evaluating Tests of Cognition using a Computerized Touch-Sensitive Tablet, Eye Tracking, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Published on: January 30, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Historically, tuberculosis (TB) management involved sanatoriums, heliotherapy, and nutrition.
  • Chemotherapy for TB began in 1944 with streptomycin, para-aminosalicylic acid, and later isoniazid.

Observation:

  • Multi-drug regimens and prolonged treatment (18-24 months) were initially required to prevent resistance and ensure cure.
  • Introduction of rifampicin and pyrazinamide enabled shorter treatment courses (6 months).
  • Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) became a global TB control strategy, supplemented by ethambutol due to isoniazid resistance.

Findings:

  • The HIV/AIDS epidemic increased TB program pressure and drug resistance, complicating treatment.
  • New anti-TB drugs, evaluated in trials (e.g., in Cape Town), demonstrate efficacy in shortening treatment and combating drug resistance.
  • Ongoing development and assessment of novel drugs offer renewed hope for conquering TB.

Implications:

  • Advancements in TB chemotherapy are crucial for overcoming drug resistance and improving patient compliance.
  • New drug regimens may significantly reduce treatment duration and enhance global TB control efforts.
  • The development of effective treatments is vital to prevent a resurgence of untreatable TB cases.