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Air impurities in the PVC plastics processing industry.

S Vainiotalo1, P Pfäffli

  • 1Department of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.

The Annals of Occupational Hygiene
|December 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Airborne concentrations of hydrogen chloride, di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), and phthalic anhydride (PA) were measured in the PVC processing industry. Results indicate that while PVC is stabilized, plasticizers like DEHP can volatilize during normal processing conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Occupational Health
  • Environmental Chemistry

Background:

  • Polyvinylchloride (PVC) is a widely used thermoplastic often containing plasticizers, primarily di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP).
  • Assessing workplace exposure to airborne contaminants is crucial for industrial hygiene in PVC processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey hygienic conditions in the PVC processing industry by measuring airborne concentrations of key chemicals.
  • To develop and validate sampling and analytical methods for hydrogen chloride, DEHP, and phthalic anhydride (PA).

Main Methods:

  • Air sampling and analysis were conducted at nine PVC processing plants.
  • Measurements focused on hydrogen chloride (indicating polymer degradation), DEHP (plasticizer), and PA (DEHP degradation product).

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Main Results:

  • Hydrogen chloride concentrations ranged from <0.03 to 0.3 mg m-3.
  • DEHP concentrations varied from <0.02 to 0.5 mg m-3, with a maximum of 1.1 mg m-3 (20% of standard).
  • Trace PA concentrations ranged from <0.02 to 5 µg m-3 at six plants.

Conclusions:

  • PVC stabilization is effective under normal processing temperatures (150-200°C).
  • Non-chemically bonded plasticizers, such as DEHP, exhibit a tendency to volatilize during processing.
  • Further monitoring is suggested to ensure occupational safety limits are not exceeded.