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Related Concept Videos

What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

Overview
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...

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Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin
06:10

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Published on: August 22, 2018

[Pestivirus].

Yoshihiro Sakoda1

  • 1Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18 Nishi-9, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan. influ@vetmed.hokudai.ac.jp

Uirusu
|August 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Pestiviruses cause significant livestock diseases globally. This review summarizes recent research on the molecular mechanisms behind pestivirus pathogenicity, focusing on unique viral proteins and genome features.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Animal Health

Context:

  • Pestiviruses are globally distributed RNA viruses responsible for severe economic losses in livestock and wildlife.
  • Diseases caused by pestiviruses include bovine viral diarrhea, classical swine fever, and sheep border disease.
  • Pestiviruses share genomic similarities with the Flaviviridae family, notably the hepatitis C virus.

Purpose:

  • To review recent scientific studies on the molecular basis of pestivirus pathogenicity.
  • To highlight the roles of unique viral proteins, N(pro) and E(rns), in disease causation.
  • To examine novel insertions of host genes within the pestivirus genome.

Summary:

  • Pestiviruses possess unique viral proteins, N(pro) and E(rns), and incorporate host genes into their genomes.

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  • These genetic features contribute significantly to the pathogenicity of pestivirus infections.
  • Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing effective control strategies.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on pestivirus virulence factors.
    • Facilitates the identification of potential targets for antiviral therapies and vaccines.
    • Contributes to improved disease management and prevention in animal populations.