"Closed-vein" technique for primary sutureless repair of anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest or low-flow bypass are commonly used in primary repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, or individual veins may be dissected to allow clamp or snare application, in order to provide a bloodless field for anastomosis by the direct or sutureless marsupialization technique. In the described technical modification, the marsupialization of the opened atrium to the posterior pericardium is completed before opening the pulmonary venous confluence, allowing bloodless exposure during full-flow normothermic bypass. In addition, vein branch dissection is avoided.