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Related Concept Videos

Hiatal Hernia01:25

Hiatal Hernia

A hiatal hernia is the abnormal protrusion of the stomach or other abdominal organs through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity.Normally, the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) lies below the diaphragm and is supported by the phrenoesophageal membrane, the diaphragmatic crura, and connective tissues. Weakening of these structures—due to aging, congenital defects like a short esophagus, or increased intra-abdominal pressure from coughing, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy...
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Aneurysm I: Introduction

An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
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Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)
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Left ventricular aneurysm with herniation through the chest wall.

Erik Svensson1, Michael H Culig, Robert J Keenan

  • 1Ed Dardanell Heart and Vascular Center, Forbes Regional Hospital, Monroeville, Pennsylvania, USA. esvensso@wpahs.org

The Annals of Thoracic Surgery
|August 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac herniation, a rare and fatal condition, occurs after chest trauma or pneumectomy. Prompt surgical intervention is crucial for successful management of this medical emergency.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiac herniation is a rare but life-threatening condition.
  • It is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Typical causes include blunt chest trauma and post-pneumectomy complications.

Observation:

  • Clinical presentation may include arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, and hypotension.
  • Diagnostic imaging plays a critical role in identification.
  • Various modalities are available for diagnosis.

Findings:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scan, chest roentgenogram, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and echocardiography are essential diagnostic tools.
  • Early recognition of cardiac herniation is paramount.
  • Timely surgical intervention is required for successful management.

Implications:

  • This condition highlights the importance of rapid diagnosis and treatment in thoracic emergencies.
  • Understanding the signs and symptoms can improve patient outcomes.
  • Prompt surgical repair is key to survival in cardiac herniation.