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Related Concept Videos

Carbohydrate Absorption01:25

Carbohydrate Absorption

Carbohydrates are essential macronutrients that serve as the body's primary energy source. Their digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase partially breaks down complex carbohydrates such as starch into smaller oligosaccharides. This mechanical and enzymatic activity prepares carbohydrates for further processing in the gastrointestinal tract.
After being swallowed, the partially digested carbohydrates mix with gastric secretions in the stomach. However, the acidic environment...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Diarrhea caused by carbohydrate malabsorption.

Heinz F Hammer1, Johann Hammer

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria. heinz.hammer@medunigraz.at

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America
|August 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article explores how incomplete carbohydrate absorption causes diarrhea, focusing on lactose and fructose malabsorption. It also covers diagnostic methods for evaluating these common digestive issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Digestive Physiology

Background:

  • Carbohydrate malabsorption is a common cause of diarrhea.
  • Lactose malabsorption is the most frequent type, but fructose malabsorption also occurs.
  • Incomplete carbohydrate absorption can be linked to other malabsorptive conditions and congenital defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the colon's role in diarrhea resulting from carbohydrate malabsorption.
  • To detail the pathogenesis of lactose and fructose malabsorption.
  • To review diagnostic tools for carbohydrate malabsorption.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
  • Analysis of the colonic response to unabsorbed carbohydrates.
  • Summary of diagnostic techniques for malabsorption.

Main Results:

  • Unabsorbed carbohydrates in the colon lead to osmotic diarrhea.
  • Lactose and fructose malabsorption have distinct mechanisms and clinical presentations.
  • Various diagnostic methods exist, including breath tests and genetic analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The colon plays a critical role in the manifestation of diarrhea due to carbohydrate malabsorption.
  • Understanding specific malabsorption types, like lactose and fructose, is key for diagnosis and management.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical evaluation and appropriate testing.