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Related Concept Videos

Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Direct Lineage Reprogramming of Adult Mouse Fibroblast to Erythroid Progenitors
11:46

Direct Lineage Reprogramming of Adult Mouse Fibroblast to Erythroid Progenitors

Published on: December 14, 2018

[Cell fate switch: lineage reprogramming].

Hong-Yan Sun1, Feng Wang, Wen-Guang Cao

  • 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. sunshy2772@163.com

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|August 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mature cells can be reprogrammed into different cell types using lineage reprogramming. This biotechnology offers a convenient, effective, and ethical alternative for regenerative medicine and gene expression research.

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Assessing Cardiomyocyte Subtypes Following Transcription Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Direct Lineage Reprogramming of Adult Mouse Fibroblast to Erythroid Progenitors
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Direct Lineage Reprogramming of Adult Mouse Fibroblast to Erythroid Progenitors

Published on: December 14, 2018

Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans
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Application of RNAi and Heat-shock-induced Transcription Factor Expression to Reprogram Germ Cells to Neurons in C. elegans

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Assessing Cardiomyocyte Subtypes Following Transcription Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts
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Published on: March 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Developmental biology

Context:

  • Cell fate plasticity is a fundamental concept in developmental biology.
  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer and induced pluripotent stem cells have previously demonstrated cell fate switching.
  • Recent advancements confirm direct conversion of differentiated cells into other cell types.

Purpose:

  • To review the procedures and characteristics of lineage reprogramming.
  • To highlight the potential of lineage reprogramming in biomedical applications.
  • To discuss lineage reprogramming as an alternative to current regenerative medicine approaches.

Summary:

  • Lineage reprogramming directly converts mature differentiated cells into other somatic cells or progenitors using defined transcription factors.
  • This process bypasses the need for pluripotent intermediates, offering a more direct route for cell fate conversion.
  • The technology is characterized by its convenience, effectiveness, and reduced ethical concerns compared to other reprogramming methods.

Impact:

  • Lineage reprogramming presents a novel and promising tool for regenerative medicine, offering potential therapeutic strategies.
  • It provides a more accessible and efficient system for generating specific cell types for research and clinical use.
  • This technology can advance our understanding of gene regulation and cellular differentiation, with broad implications for biotechnology and disease modeling.