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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
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Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Homologous Recombination

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Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

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Gene Conversion02:08

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

[Progress on XerCD/dif site-specific recombination].

De-Qiao Tian1, Yu-Min Wang, Tao Zheng

  • 1Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. tiandeqiao@163.com

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|August 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial XerC and XerD recombinases resolve chromosome dimers and facilitate phage integration at the dif site. This XerCD/dif system is widespread, suggesting a universal role in bacterial DNA management and phage interactions.

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Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila
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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila
14:23

Recombineering Homologous Recombination Constructs in Drosophila

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Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach
11:12

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Published on: September 11, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Microbiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Chromosome dimers form in 10-15% of growing Escherichia coli.
  • XerC and XerD recombinases resolve these dimers at the dif site.
  • CTXΦ phage integrates into Vibrio cholerae via site-specific recombination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on XerCD/dif-mediated chromosome dimer resolution.
  • To review research on XerCD/dif-mediated phage integration.
  • To highlight the potential universal role of XerCD/dif system in bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on XerCD recombinase and dif site.
  • Analysis of XerCD/dif system's role in bacterial chromosome maintenance.
  • Examination of CTXΦ phage integration mechanism in Vibrio cholerae.

Main Results:

  • XerC and XerD recombinases are essential for resolving chromosome dimers in E. coli.
  • XerC and XerD are required for CTXΦ phage integration into V. cholerae, utilizing a site overlapping dif.
  • The dif site and XerCD recombinase are conserved across many bacterial genomes.

Conclusions:

  • The XerCD/dif site-specific recombination system plays a crucial role in bacterial chromosome dimer resolution.
  • This system is also involved in the integration of certain bacteriophages, like CTXΦ.
  • The widespread distribution suggests a fundamental and potentially universal mechanism in bacterial biology.