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Related Concept Videos

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Muscle Velocity Recovery Cycles to Examine Muscle Membrane Properties
08:27

Muscle Velocity Recovery Cycles to Examine Muscle Membrane Properties

Published on: February 19, 2020

Critical illness myopathy.

Nicola Latronico1, Giuliano Tomelleri, Massimiliano Filosto

  • 1Division of Neuroanesthesia and Neurocritical Care, Department of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, University of Brescia at Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy. nicola.latronico@med.unibs.it

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|August 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Critical illness myopathy (CIM) is common and linked to poor outcomes. Early diagnosis via clinical, electrophysiological, and biopsy methods aids in planning therapy and predicting recovery for this condition.

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A Preclinical Model of Sepsis-Induced Myopathy with Disuse in Mice
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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Muscle Velocity Recovery Cycles to Examine Muscle Membrane Properties
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Published on: February 19, 2020

A Preclinical Model of Sepsis-Induced Myopathy with Disuse in Mice
04:01

A Preclinical Model of Sepsis-Induced Myopathy with Disuse in Mice

Published on: June 14, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Neurology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Critical illness myopathy (CIM) is a significant complication in critically ill patients.
  • It impacts patient outcomes and recovery trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the incidence, risk factors, and clinical, electrophysiological, and histological features of CIM.
  • To review pathogenetic mechanisms and long-term consequences of CIM.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on critical illness myopathy.
  • Analysis of clinical, electrophysiological, and histological data.
  • Examination of pathogenetic mechanisms and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • CIM often co-occurs with critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) and affects patient outcomes.
  • CIM presents earlier than CIP with a faster recovery.
  • Muscle biopsy showing myosin filament loss is a key diagnostic marker with a good prognosis.
  • Critical illness, steroid use, and immobility are contributing factors to CIM.

Conclusions:

  • A structured diagnostic approach for CIM is crucial.
  • Integrating clinical, electrophysiological, and muscle biopsy findings informs therapy and prognosis.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis facilitates better patient management and recovery prediction.