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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

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Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program
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Cellular reprogramming during mouse development.

Zoë D Burke1, Gabriela Miron-Buchacra, David Tosh

  • 1Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK. Z.D.Burke@bath.ac.uk

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation
|August 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cellular reprogramming allows one cell type to convert into another, a process also known as transdifferentiation. Examining transdetermination in embryos reveals key regulatory factors for stem cell reprogramming and regenerative medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Terminal cell differentiation is typically considered irreversible.
  • However, cellular reprogramming, or transdifferentiation, allows cell type conversion.
  • Transdetermination specifically refers to this conversion during embryonic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine well-defined examples of transdetermination.
  • To understand the molecular and cellular basis of cell type interconversion.
  • To identify regulatory transcription factors (master switch genes) for reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on transdetermination.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cell fate changes.
  • Identification of key regulatory transcription factors involved in reprogramming.

Main Results:

  • Transdetermination provides a model for understanding cell plasticity.
  • Key regulatory transcription factors are crucial for directing cell fate.
  • Understanding these factors is essential for stem cell reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • Transdetermination offers insights into normal developmental biology.
  • Master switch genes identified through transdetermination are vital for stem cell reprogramming.
  • Harnessing these mechanisms holds therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.