Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Molecular imaging for cancer immunotherapy.

Immuno-oncology technology·2022
Same author

Transforming the Perioperative Treatment Paradigm in Non-Metastatic RCC-A Possible Path Forward.

Kidney cancer (Clifton, Va.)·2018
Same author

Precision, complexity and stigma in advanced prostate cancer terminology: it is time to move away from 'castration-resistant' prostate cancer.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2017
Same author

Correlation of B7-H3 with androgen receptor, immune pathways and poor outcome in prostate cancer: an expression-based analysis.

Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases·2016
Same author

Management of patients with advanced prostate cancer: recommendations of the St Gallen Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC) 2015.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2016
Same author

Paucity of PD-L1 expression in prostate cancer: innate and adaptive immune resistance.

Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases·2015
Same journal

The ethical obligation to use positive trial results.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Lorlatinib: The Crown Jewel of ALK Inhibitors.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
Same journal

TROP2-Directed Antibody Drug Conjugates: New First-Line Treatment for All Patients with Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer?

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
Same journal

When artificial intelligence learns to abstain: towards clinically responsible diagnostic support in liver pathology.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
Same journal

PRMT5 inhibitors in MTAP loss NSCLC with actionable genomic alterations: a new kid on the block?

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
Same journal

Refining decision making in hormone receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer: moving from static to dynamic.

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
07:33

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Combination immunotherapy approaches.

C G Drake1

  • 1Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. cdrake@jhmi.edu

Annals of Oncology : Official Journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology
|August 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Combination immunotherapy, including radiation and chemotherapy, shows promise for cancer treatment. Combining immunotherapies like PD1 and CTLA-4 blockade may enhance anti-tumor responses, warranting clinical trials.

More Related Videos

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
10:04

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

Published on: August 1, 2025

Enrich and Expand Rare Antigen-specific T Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles
09:28

Enrich and Expand Rare Antigen-specific T Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles

Published on: November 17, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
07:33

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells
10:04

Tractable In Vivo Reprogramming of Tumor Cells to Type 1 Conventional Dendritic Cell-like Cells

Published on: August 1, 2025

Enrich and Expand Rare Antigen-specific T Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles
09:28

Enrich and Expand Rare Antigen-specific T Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles

Published on: November 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Combination immunotherapy strategies are being explored for enhanced anti-tumor effects.
  • Radiation therapy demonstrates synergistic efficacy with immunotherapies in preclinical models.
  • Chemotherapy can augment immune responses but requires careful dosing and timing due to potential immunosuppression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the rationale for combination immunotherapy clinical trials in cancer treatment.
  • To highlight the potential of combining different immunomodulatory agents.
  • To emphasize the need for careful exploration of dosing and timing in clinical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical data on combination immunotherapy approaches.
  • Analysis of studies involving radiation, chemotherapy, and T-cell modulation.
  • Examination of combined blockade of programmed death-1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4).

Main Results:

  • Radiation therapy shows synergistic effects when combined with immunotherapy in various models.
  • Combined blockade of PD1 and CTLA-4 enhances anti-tumor immune responses compared to monotherapy.
  • Preclinical data support the initiation of combination clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • Combination immunotherapy, particularly involving PD1/CTLA-4 blockade, offers a promising avenue for cancer treatment.
  • Careful consideration of dosing and timing is crucial for optimizing combination therapies.
  • Further clinical trials are warranted to explore these combination strategies effectively.