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Related Concept Videos

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique helps...
Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization01:28

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...
Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

High Resolution Electron Microscopy of the Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System Pili Produced in Varying Conditions of Iron Availability
09:05

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Published on: November 21, 2014

Transcriptome complexity and riboregulation in the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori.

Sandy R Pernitzsch1, Cynthia M Sharma

  • 1Research Center for Infectious Diseases, University of Würzburg Würzburg, Germany.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|August 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Helicobacter pylori, a human pathogen, utilizes small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) for gene expression control, challenging previous assumptions about its lack of riboregulation. This discovery opens new avenues for understanding bacterial virulence and stress responses.

Keywords:
Helicobacter pyloriRNA-seqpost-transcriptional regulationsRNAtranscriptome analysis

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Published on: February 18, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Helicobacter pylori is a significant human pathogen, with extensive research on its virulence and genomics.
  • Post-transcriptional regulation and small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) in H. pylori remain largely unexplored.
  • The absence of the RNA chaperone Hfq led to the belief that H. pylori lacked riboregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and role of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) in Helicobacter pylori.
  • To explore the complex transcriptional landscape of H. pylori.
  • To determine if H. pylori employs riboregulation for gene expression control.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the H. pylori primary transcriptome using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq).
  • Identification and characterization of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs).
  • Detection of antisense transcription.

Main Results:

  • RNA-seq revealed a complex transcriptional output from the H. pylori genome.
  • A significant number of sRNAs were identified in H. pylori.
  • Extensive antisense transcription was observed, indicating active riboregulation.

Conclusions:

  • Helicobacter pylori employs riboregulation, mediated by sRNAs and antisense transcription, for gene expression control.
  • Further research on sRNAs and associated proteins will elucidate their roles in H. pylori virulence and stress adaptation.
  • This study provides insights into post-transcriptional regulation in Epsilonproteobacteria, including pathogens like Campylobacter.