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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex
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Ex Vivo Optogenetic Interrogation of Long-Range Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity from Medial Prefrontal Cortex to Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Published on: February 25, 2022

The spike-timing dependence of plasticity.

Daniel E Feldman1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA. dfeldman@berkeley.edu

Neuron
|August 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is crucial for learning, but other factors like firing rate also influence synaptic changes. This review explores how spike timing interacts with these factors in the brain.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

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3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) modulates synaptic strength based on precise spike timing.
  • STDP is fundamental in computational neuroscience models of learning and development.
  • Synaptic plasticity is influenced by multiple factors beyond just spike timing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the broader context of synaptic plasticity beyond strict spike-timing dependence.
  • To explore the cellular mechanisms underlying spike-timing-dependent plasticity.
  • To examine the in vivo evidence for spike timing as a key plasticity determinant.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of synaptic plasticity mechanisms.
  • Analysis of factors influencing long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD).
  • Synthesis of evidence from experimental studies on neuronal plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Spike timing is one of several factors (e.g., firing rate, cooperativity) governing plasticity.
  • The relative importance of spike timing varies across different synapses and activity patterns.
  • Cellular mechanisms for spike-timing dependence are diverse.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptic plasticity is a complex process influenced by multiple interacting factors.
  • Spike timing plays a significant, but not exclusive, role in synaptic modification in vivo.
  • Understanding the interplay of factors is crucial for modeling brain function.