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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more similar...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

What is the optimal interval between chemoradiation and esophagectomy?

Linda W Martin1

  • 1Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21014, USA. lmartin@smail.umaryland.edu

Seminars in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|August 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Optimal timing for esophagectomy after induction chemoradiation in locally advanced esophageal cancer is unclear. Reviewing recent studies helps determine the best interval for patient readiness and tumor response.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Multimodality therapy, including induction chemoradiation followed by esophagectomy, is standard for locally advanced esophageal cancer.
  • Optimal timing for esophagectomy after neoadjuvant treatment remains an area with limited research.
  • Factors influencing the ideal interval include patient recovery and tumor response to radiation therapy.

Discussion:

  • This review examines two recent large-center retrospective studies addressing the time interval between induction chemoradiation and esophagectomy.
  • The discussion focuses on the clinical implications of varying time intervals on patient outcomes and treatment efficacy.
  • Considerations include patient physiological readiness and the biological response of the tumor to neoadjuvant therapy.

Key Insights:

  • Evidence suggests that the time interval between induction chemoradiation and esophagectomy may impact patient outcomes.
  • Balancing the need for tumor response with patient recovery is crucial in determining the optimal surgical timing.
  • Further research is needed to establish definitive guidelines for the post-treatment interval.

Outlook:

  • Future research should aim to prospectively validate findings from retrospective studies.
  • Establishing evidence-based guidelines for the optimal interval between neoadjuvant therapy and esophagectomy is a priority.
  • This will help personalize treatment strategies for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.