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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear
09:20

Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear

Published on: July 3, 2025

[Nontuberculous mycobacterial epitrochlear adenitis].

J-C Beghin1, H Charlier, E Bodart

  • 1Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgique. medjis@hotmail.com

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie
|August 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This case study highlights an unusual epitrochlear lymphadenitis in a child caused by Mycobacterium avium. Early diagnosis and surgical excision are key for treating this rare presentation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 19, 2026

Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear
09:20

Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear

Published on: July 3, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Adenitis is the most common manifestation of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in pediatric patients.
  • NTM infections typically affect lymph nodes in the cervical, submandibular, axillary, inguinal, mediastinal, and parotid regions.

Observation:

  • A 2-year-old girl presented with unilateral epitrochlear lymphadenitis.
  • This represents the first reported case of epitrochlear lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium avium.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis was confirmed by identifying Mycobacterium avium and excluding other pathogens like Bartonella henselae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Surgical excision is the primary treatment, achieving a 90% cure rate.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known anatomical locations for NTM lymphadenitis in children.
  • Highlights the importance of considering atypical presentations and ensuring accurate microbiological diagnosis for effective treatment.