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Related Concept Videos

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV01:43

Electron Transport Chain: Complex III and IV

During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
The ETC is comprised of...
The Electron Transport Chain01:30

The Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation is an exothermic process in which free energy released during electron transfer reactions is coupled to ATP synthesis. This process is a significant source of energy in aerobic cells, and therefore inhibitors of the electron transport chain can be detrimental to the cell's metabolic processes.
Inhibitors of the electron transport chain
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, prevents electron transfer from Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone or Q in...
Electron Transport Chain Components01:29

Electron Transport Chain Components

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
Oxygenic Photosynthesis01:26

Oxygenic Photosynthesis

Oxygenic photosynthesis is a fundamental process in which light energy is harnessed to drive the oxidation of water, leading to the production of molecular oxygen (O₂), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). This process is essential for sustaining aerobic life on Earth and is primarily carried out by cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. The core of oxygenic photosynthesis lies in the thylakoid membranes, where chlorophyll pigments facilitate light...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Bioenergetics in Cells and Tissues Using Chamber- and Plate-Based Respirometers
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Oxygen dependent electron transfer in the cytochrome bc(1) complex.

Fei Zhou1, Ying Yin, Ting Su

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|August 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Molecular oxygen significantly boosts Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome bc1 complex activity. This enhancement, up to 82%, specifically targets heme bL reduction during ubiquinol oxidation under aerobic conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioenergetics

Background:

  • The cytochrome bc1 complex is crucial for cellular respiration and energy transduction.
  • Understanding regulatory factors like molecular oxygen is key to elucidating electron transfer mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of molecular oxygen on the electron transfer activity of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome bc1 complex.
  • To determine the specific site of oxygen's effect within the electron transfer pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme activity assays were performed on the cytochrome bc1 complex under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
  • Kinetic analysis focused on the reduction rates of heme bL and heme bH.

Main Results:

  • Molecular oxygen increased the activity of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides bc1 complex by up to 82%.
  • Oxygen enhanced the reduction rate of heme bL but did not affect the reduction rate of heme bH.
  • The effect of oxygen was dependent on the structural integrity of the complex.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular oxygen plays a significant role in modulating the electron transfer activity of the cytochrome bc1 complex.
  • Oxygen's primary effect is localized at the heme bL reduction step during ubiquinol oxidation.
  • These findings provide insights into the regulation of electron transfer in respiratory complexes.