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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells

Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
Normal cells contain receptors that prevent them from being recognized by phagocytes.

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Updated: May 19, 2026

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
09:10

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

Modulating macroautophagy: a neuronal perspective.

Christopher W Johnson1, Thomas J Melia, Ai Yamamoto

  • 1Department of Neurology, College of Physician & Surgeons, Columbia University, NY, USA.

Future Medicinal Chemistry
|August 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Macroautophagy, a cellular process, is crucial in adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Understanding its dual role in cell health and toxicity is key to developing treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Macroautophagy is increasingly recognized for its role in adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Both beneficial and detrimental effects of macroautophagy in neurodegeneration are documented.
  • Existing research highlights the importance of this cellular pathway in neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms of macroautophagy.
  • To discuss pharmacological tools for modulating macroautophagy.
  • To emphasize the role of mammalian macroautophagy in the adult brain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of macroautophagy in neurodegeneration.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms.
  • Discussion of pharmacological interventions.

Main Results:

  • Macroautophagy's influence is significant across various neurodegenerative conditions.
  • Evidence suggests macroautophagy can contribute to neurotoxicity, not just cellular health.
  • Neuronal context critically impacts macroautophagy's function.

Conclusions:

  • Further understanding of macroautophagy regulation in neurons is essential.
  • Targeting macroautophagy holds potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
  • The dual role of macroautophagy necessitates careful consideration in therapeutic strategies.