Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 19, 2026
06:39
Real-Time Void Spot Assay
Published on: February 10, 2023
Congenital lower urinary tract obstruction: a population-based epidemiological study.
G Malin1, A M Tonks, R K Morris
1School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
|August 29, 2012
Summary
Lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) affects 3.34 per 10,000 births, with higher prevalence in ethnic minorities and deprived areas. Antenatal diagnosis rates remain low, limiting prenatal surgical intervention for LUTO.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Pediatric Surgery
- Prenatal Diagnosis
Background:
- Lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is a significant congenital condition.
- Accurate prevalence data and understanding of risk factors are crucial for management.
- The sensitivity of antenatal diagnosis for LUTO impacts treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the population-based prevalence and outcomes of LUTO.
- To assess the sensitivity of antenatal diagnosis for LUTO.
- To identify trends and associated risk factors for LUTO.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective population-based study using the West Midlands Congenital Anomalies Register (WMCAR).
- Inclusion of fetuses with LUTO delivered between 1995 and 2007.
- Validation of diagnoses using multiple regional data sets.
Main Results:
- A total prevalence of 3.34 per 10,000 births was observed, with no significant change over time.
- LUTO prevalence was higher in Black and minority ethnic groups and associated with area-based deprivation.
- Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) were the most common subtype (63%); 46.9% of eligible cases were diagnosed prenatally.
Conclusions:
- This study provides the largest population-based estimates of LUTO prevalence to date.
- The low antenatal detection rate for LUTO restricts the number of cases suitable for prenatal surgical intervention.
- Further research into improving prenatal diagnosis and management of LUTO is warranted.
Related Concept Videos
01:26Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
01:26Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
01:19Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra
The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
01:28Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
01:25Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
01:30Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...