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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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Updated: May 19, 2026

A Neurite Outgrowth Assay and Neurotoxicity Assessment with Human Neural Progenitor Cell-Derived Neurons
07:41

A Neurite Outgrowth Assay and Neurotoxicity Assessment with Human Neural Progenitor Cell-Derived Neurons

Published on: August 6, 2020

Developmental neurotoxicity testing: a path forward.

Kevin M Crofton1, William R Mundy, Timothy J Shafer

  • 1Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. crofton.kevin@epa.gov

Congenital Anomalies
|August 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Current methods for assessing developmental neurotoxicity are too slow and costly. A new paradigm using in silico, in vitro, and alternative species testing is needed for efficient chemical screening.

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Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

Published on: June 17, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health Sciences
  • Toxicology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of a few chemicals like lead, PCBs, and methylmercury.
  • However, assessing the DNT risks of thousands of other commercial chemicals is a major challenge due to current testing limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new, next-generation testing paradigm for developmental neurotoxicity.
  • To address the limitations of current regulatory testing methods in terms of time, cost, and animal resources.

Main Methods:

  • Discussed the need for rapid, cost-efficient screening methods for DNT.
  • Highlighted the potential of in silico models for structure-based screening.
  • Emphasized the development of in vitro techniques and the use of alternative species like zebrafish.
  • Advocated for an integrated approach combining these methods for efficient hazard assessment.

Main Results:

  • Current regulatory testing methods are not feasible for screening the vast number of chemicals.
  • In silico, in vitro, and alternative species models offer promising avenues for efficient DNT assessment.
  • An integrated testing strategy is crucial for effective hazard identification.

Conclusions:

  • A paradigm shift towards integrated, efficient, and cost-effective methods is essential for developmental neurotoxicity testing.
  • Next-generation approaches are needed to protect the developing nervous system from environmental contaminants.
  • The symposium highlighted scientific strategies for advancing DNT assessment.