Placental growth factor and cardiac inflammation

Placental growth factor (PlGF) belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor family and is one of the most interesting candidates as an "angiogenic cytokine," capable of not only controlling angiogenic functions but also finely regulating the inflammatory response. Because inflammatory response and, in particular, recruitment of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells are processes strictly connected to the cardiovascular system in health and disease, PlGF appears to be an intriguing player in the interplay of these phenomena. This review discusses recent findings unraveling novel functions of PlGF in ruling the inflammatory response during cardiac remodeling to pressure overload and the ensuing therapeutic implications and future directions for research.