[Infectious complications in patients treated with anti-TNF-alpha: two cases of leishmaniasis]

We report the cases of two patients treated with anti-TNF-alpha for uveitis. The first patient developed visceral leishmaniasis and the second cutaneous leishmaniasis.

an 8-year-old girl was treated with corticosteroids and intravenous infliximab for juvenile idiopathic arthritis with bilateral anterior uveitis. After 12 months of treatment, she presented with fever, hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia. Visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed, and she was treated successfully with parenteral liposomal Amphotericin-B (Ambisome(®)). Upon resolution, we re-instituted her treatment with infliximab. Second case: a 48-year-old man consulted us for severe panuveitis of the left eye with a serous retinal detachment. He was diagnosed with seronegative ankylosing spondylitis. His uveitis and arthritis were treated successfully with infliximab for 20 months, after which two cutaneous lesions appeared. The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis without visceral involvement was based on the presence of Leishmania in the skin scraping of a lesion. Intravenous infusions of infliximab were discontinued, and local treatment consisting of intralesional injections of meglumine antimonate salts (Glucantime(®)) was initiated, leading to rapid improvement. Anti-TNFα drugs are used frequently now. They appear promising in terms of efficacy, but one must carefully monitor patients for possible side effects, including infection.