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Related Concept Videos

In vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
Spontaneous and Induced Mutations01:30

Spontaneous and Induced Mutations

Spontaneous mutations arise infrequently during DNA replication due to errors in the process. A key factor behind these errors is tautomeric shifts in nitrogenous bases, where bases transition from keto to enol forms or amino to imino forms. This shift can alter base-pairing rules, leading to mutations. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from aerobic metabolism can damage DNA, resulting in depurination (loss of a purine base) or depyrimidination (loss of a pyrimidine base).
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Identification of Homologous Recombination Events in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Southern Blotting and Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Identification of Homologous Recombination Events in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Southern Blotting and Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: November 20, 2018

Beyond knockouts: cre resources for conditional mutagenesis.

Stephen A Murray1, Janan T Eppig, Damian Smedley

  • 1The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA. steve.murray@jax.org

Mammalian Genome : Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society
|August 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The International Phenotyping Consortium requires a robust toolkit of Cre driver strains. Deep characterization and accessible data are crucial for effectively utilizing these valuable mouse resources.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Mammalian Genetics

Background:

  • The International Phenotyping Consortium is generating numerous mouse strains with conditional potential.
  • Existing Cre driver strains, developed over 15+ years, are insufficient for large-scale phenotyping efforts.
  • Advancements in genetic engineering have led to more precise and reliable Cre driver strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing need for a comprehensive Cre driver strain toolbox to support large-scale mouse phenotyping.
  • To discuss the evolution of Cre driver strain generation and characterization.
  • To emphasize the importance of data accessibility and informatics tools for utilizing these resources.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current approaches for generating and characterizing Cre driver strains.
  • Discussion of the role of large-scale projects in expanding the Cre driver strain repertoire.
  • Assessment of informatics tools and public repositories for data dissemination and strain access.

Main Results:

  • The development of Cre driver strains has significantly advanced in precision and reliability.
  • Large-scale projects are rapidly increasing the availability of diverse Cre driver strains.
  • Deep characterization of strain function is essential to identify and mitigate potential experimental limitations.

Conclusions:

  • A robust and well-characterized Cre driver strain toolbox is critical for the success of the International Phenotyping Consortium.
  • Continued development of sophisticated Cre driver strains, coupled with informatics support and public access, is necessary.
  • Addressing challenges in characterization and accessibility will enable the scientific community to fully leverage mouse genetic resources.