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Heterophoria and fusional convergence and divergence in preschool children

Miodrag Radaković1, Vesna Ivetić, Nada Naumović

  • 1General Hospital of Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia. mijar@ptt.rs

Medicinski Glasnik : Official Publication of the Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina
|August 29, 2012
PubMed

Insights

This study found that preschool children

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Binocular vision assessment is crucial in pediatric populations.
  • Understanding heterophoria and fusional vergence norms is essential for early detection of visual dysfunctions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the prevalence of heterophoria.
  • To measure fusional convergence and divergence values.
  • To investigate the relationship between heterophoria and fusional vergence in preschool children.

Main Methods:

  • Cover and prism cover tests were used to assess heterophoria at far and near in 152 children (aged 6-7).
  • Step vergence testing with prism bars measured far and near fusional vergences.
  • Statistical analysis examined correlations between heterophoria and vergence values.

Main Results:

  • Orthophoria was most common at far, while exophoria was prevalent at near.
  • Average fusional convergence and divergence break values were recorded for both far and near distances.
  • A weak but significant correlation was found between heterophoria and fusional vergence at far and near.

Conclusions:

  • Prevalence and values of heterophoria and fusional vergence in preschoolers align with those reported for older age groups.
  • A weak relationship exists between heterophoria and fusional vergence in preschool children.
  • These findings contribute to normative data for pediatric binocular vision assessment.
Abstract

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