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Modeling and Experimental Analysis of the Single-Shaft Coaxial Motor-Pump Assembly in Electrohydrostatic Actuators
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The helical flow pump with a hydrodynamic levitation impeller.

Yusuke Abe1, Kohei Ishii, Takashi Isoyama

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. abe@bme.gr.jp

Journal of Artificial Organs : the Official Journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Organs
|August 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary

A novel helical flow pump (HFP) shows promise for total artificial hearts (TAH). While initial hemolysis occurred, it resolved, and long-term pumping without thrombus was demonstrated, indicating potential for TAH development.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Devices
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Developing a reliable total artificial heart (TAH) is crucial for end-stage heart failure treatment.
  • Rotary blood pumps are key components in TAH systems, requiring high efficiency and biocompatibility.
  • Existing pumps face challenges with hemolysis and thrombus formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate a novel helical flow pump (HFP) for potential use in a TAH.
  • To assess the hydrodynamic performance, impeller levitation, and hemocompatibility of the HFP.
  • To investigate the feasibility of the HFP in a chronic animal model.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an HFP featuring a hydrodynamic levitation impeller, multi-vane rotor, stator coils, and double helical-volute housing.
  • Performance testing to determine pressure head, flow rate, efficiency, and impeller speed for hydrodynamic levitation.
  • Hemolysis assessment using normalized index and in-vivo implantation in goats for chronic evaluation.
  • Thrombus analysis after extended pumping periods.

Main Results:

  • The HFP achieved a maximum output of 19 L/min against a 100 mmHg pressure head with 11% maximum efficiency.
  • Hydrodynamic levitation of the impeller was confirmed at rotation speeds above 1,000 rpm.
  • Normalized hemolysis index ranged from 2.61 to 8.07, with post-operative hemolysis resolving within 14 days in goats.
  • One experiment showed no thrombus formation after 203 days, while the other found white thrombus after 23 days.

Conclusions:

  • The helical flow pump demonstrates promising hydrodynamic performance and the potential for impeller levitation.
  • While initial hemolysis was observed, it was transient and resolved, suggesting design improvements are possible.
  • The HFP shows potential for long-term function with further development, warranting its consideration for TAH applications.