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Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

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Diamagnetism

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 19, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Magnetic correlations in a layered iridate, Na2IrO3.

S W Lovesey¹, A N Dobrynin

¹ISIS Facility, STFC, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK. stephen.lovesey@stfc.ac.uk

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal

|August 29, 2012

Summary

Researchers studied sodium iridate (Na2IrO3) in its antiferromagnetic state. Iridium magnetic moments were found to lie in the a-c plane, revealing details about its magnetic ground state.

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Crystallography

Background:

Sodium iridate (Na2IrO3) is a material exhibiting complex magnetic properties.
Understanding the magnetic ordering in such materials is crucial for developing novel electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the precise orientation of iridium magnetic dipole moments in Na2IrO3.
To establish a plausible magnetic ground state for Na2IrO3 based on experimental data.

Main Methods:

Analysis of published data from resonant x-ray Bragg diffraction measurements.
Integration of diffraction data with existing bulk magnetic measurements.

Main Results:

Iridium magnetic dipole moments are confined to the a-c plane of the monoclinic crystal structure.

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An angle of approximately 118° was measured between the magnetic moments and the c-axis.

A magnetic space group, compatible with antiferromagnetic order, was proposed, with magnetic dipoles perpendicular to the b-axis.

Conclusions:

The study elucidates the magnetic structure of Na2IrO3 at low temperatures.
Predicted anapoles (toroidal dipoles) are also confined to the a-c plane.
Magnetic charges are forbidden in this magnetic ground state.