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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Newton's First Law: Introduction01:17

Newton's First Law: Introduction

Motion draws our attention. Motion itself can be beautiful, causing us to marvel at the forces needed to create spectacular sights, such as that of a dolphin jumping out of the water, the flight of a bird, or the orbit of a satellite. The study of motion is kinematics, but kinematics only describes the way objects move—their velocity and acceleration. Dynamics considers the forces that affect the motion of moving objects and systems. Newton's laws of motion are the foundation of dynamics. These...
Solving Problems in Physics02:32

Solving Problems in Physics

Problem-solving is the ability to apply general physical principles to specific situations, usually expressed by equations. It is an essential skill in physics, and can also be useful for applying physics in everyday life as well. Analytical skills and problem-solving abilities can be applied to new situations, compared to a list of facts, which can never be extensive enough to include every possible circumstance. To solve physics problems, a certain amount of creativity and insight is...
Newton's Third Law: Examples01:08

Newton's Third Law: Examples

Newton's third law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Consider a swimmer pushing off the side of a pool. They push against the wall of the pool with their feet and accelerate in the direction opposite to that of their push. This occurs because the wall exerts an equal and opposite force on the swimmer. Here, the forces do not cancel out each other as they are acting on different systems. In this case, there are two systems: the swimmer and the wall. If we select the...
Principle of Angular Impulse and Momentum: Problem Solving01:19

Principle of Angular Impulse and Momentum: Problem Solving

Consider a ball of mass m, attached to a massless rod of known length, subjected to a time-dependent torque. If the initial velocity of the mass is known, then the final velocity of the mass for time t can be determined using the principle of angular impulse and momentum.
Initially, a free-body diagram of the system is drawn to illustrate all the forces acting upon the system, providing a crucial understanding of the dynamics at play. Then, the principle of angular impulse and momentum is...
Friction: Problem Solving01:21

Friction: Problem Solving

Friction is an essential force that influences the motion of objects in daily life. Depending on the situation, it can be either beneficial or problematic. Consider a bus with a mass of three megagrams and its center of mass at a specific point, moving along a banked road at a constant speed. The coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road is 0.5. Find the maximum angle of the banked road at which the bus would not slip or tip.
Initially, a visual representation of the...

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Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device (ALDM) Test Systems
08:42

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Published on: May 5, 2015

Chimpanzee 'folk physics': bringing failures into focus.

Amanda Seed1, Eleanor Seddon, Bláthnaid Greene

  • 1School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Mary's Quad, St Andrews KY16 9JP, UK. ams18@st-andrews.ac.uk

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|August 29, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chimpanzees

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Comparative psychology
  • Evolutionary psychology

Background:

  • Individual differences are crucial for understanding cognitive development and evolution.
  • Studying failures in cognitive tasks can reveal underlying mechanisms.
  • Developmental psychology increasingly uses individual differences to explain cognitive emergence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate individual differences in chimpanzee tool use failures.
  • To identify cognitive limitations affecting chimpanzee problem-solving with tools.
  • To explore the role of memory and attention in chimpanzee tool discrimination.

Main Methods:

  • Assessing chimpanzee performance on tasks involving complete versus broken tools.
  • Comparing performance on tasks with different visual cues (aligned ends vs. covered center).
  • Analyzing correlations between performance on different tool-use tasks.

Main Results:

  • 12 of 16 chimpanzees failed to discriminate broken from complete tools when ends were aligned.
  • Performance correlated between aligned-ends and covered-center tasks, suggesting memory/attention limitations.
  • Some chimpanzees succeeded in inferring tool location when it was not visible.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive mechanisms underlying tool use in chimpanzees are revealed by individual differences.
  • Memory and attention, rather than representation of connection, appear to be key limitations.
  • Chimpanzee tool-use abilities show variation, with some individuals demonstrating advanced problem-solving skills.