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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Related Experiment Video

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Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

Identity-based inhibitory processing during focused attention.

Liana Machado1, Hayley Guiney, Philippa Struthers

  • 1Department of Psychology and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. liana@psy.otago.ac.nz

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|August 30, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inhibition of distracting information during selective attention is more powerful than previously thought. New findings suggest inhibitory control processes occur earlier and are not solely dependent on target selection.

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Last Updated: May 19, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Current models of selective attention do not fully explain the mechanisms of distractor inhibition.
  • Recent data indicate potential deviations from established theories of inhibitory processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether observed data on distractor inhibition challenge existing theoretical frameworks.
  • To provide a deeper understanding of the operating principles of inhibitory control.

Main Methods:

  • Empirical investigation through multiple experiments (Experiments 1-6).
  • Analysis of distractor-related activity and its modulation by inhibitory processes.
  • Testing noninhibitory accounts of the observed phenomena.

Main Results:

  • Inhibitory control processes were found to overpower excitation from external input.
  • Negative effects associated with inhibition occurred even without explicit target presence.
  • Early distractor-related neural activity was modulated, indicating pre-action control roles for inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Current models of selective attention require revision to incorporate the enhanced power and broader role of inhibitory control.
  • Inhibition plays a significant role in managing distracting information, potentially preceding action selection.
  • The findings challenge the necessity of target selection for triggering inhibitory mechanisms.